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Province is composed of four districts: Bungoma, Busia, Kakamega and Vihiga.The highlands around Mount Elgon in western Kenya, provide ideal conditions for many different plants. The deep soil found in the region receives a favourable amount of rainfall. A variety of crops do well in this area due the cool temperatures and good amounts of sunshine that are available all year round.

A thick bamboo forest circles the high mountain slopes and especially those around Mount Elgon. The bamboo grows so thick and tall that that it is difficult to make out anything beyond the bamboo forest's perimeter. Forests of native cedar, olive and podocarpus trees are to be found on the lower slopes of the mountains. Black and white colobus monkeys are abundant in this environment.

Below the extensive mountain forests there are plantations of pine and cypress trees. The softwood in these plantations is exploited by timber mills and paper making factories. A paper factory in western Kenya makes paper for both local use and export. In western Kenya some houses are made of wood and due to this, timber factory has a wide market here.

The farms in this region are usually small and they do not exceed a few hectares in size. The farmer and his family live on the farm where they live on the food they grow while sending the surplus to the market. Do to this, trading centres have emerged usually along the roads or along the railway lines and some like Eldoret, have gone on to become major commercial centres. Among its major industries are cotton, wool, and synthetic textiles mills as well as some food processing plants.